Supervisor ostracism threatens employees’ self-worth and effectiveness (efficacy needs) which then leads to silence, called defensive silence, and eventually elicits a form of psychological distress, namely emotional exhaustion. New research offers guidelines on how supervisors may avoid ostracism and instead promote a socially inclusive climate through various human resource functions….+ more

Bank lending is the most common source of external finance for many SMEs and entrepreneurs, which are often heavily reliant on straight debt to fulfil their start-up, cash flow, and investment needs. SMEs; however, typically find themselves at a disadvantage with respect to large firms in accessing debt finance. In middle and low-income countries, funding gaps are often even more pronounced.... + more

Street-level bureaucrats, i.e., civil servants who have direct contact with the general public, play an important role in the enforcement of public policy, and law & order in society. Understanding the micro-social foundations of managerial and front-line relationships is crucial to designing strategies that attempt to leverage those relationships into organisational improvement….+ more

Saeed Anwar, the sole proprietor of Awais Model Farms (AMF), had to decide whether to grow corn or cotton in the fall season. Although he knew the key parameters affecting the decision, he was not able to reach any conclusion.... + more

This case describes an ethical problem faced by the owners of a reasonably successful business. It gives students an opportunity to analyse the contrasting approaches of the two owners of this business towards an ethical dilemma commonly faced by those businesses in Pakistan that have to pay heavy duties on imported goods…+ more